Gorillas in Rwanda – Trek Mountain Gorillas at Volcanoes National Park
Gorillas in Rwanda make the biggest portion of the country’s tourism and constitute the biggest earner from foreign visitors. While visiting Rwanda, the ‘Land of a Thousand Hills’, one should not miss out on an outstanding chance for Gorilla trekking at Volcanoes National Park, the habitat for the world’s celebrated mountain gorillas in the country. The Volcanoes National Park Rwanda covers an area of 125 square kilometers of mountainous forests and a home to six Virunga Volcanoes. Protected within the the park, the forested slopes of the mountains form properly stunning natural landscape for what is by no doubt the most moving and outstanding wildlife experience in the world; Gorilla Tracking. Encountering a nonviolent and composed mature silver back gorilla is exciting. The inspiring climb to the gorilla’s natural home of shady bamboo forest offers unbelievable views in all directions, before the trackers are absorbed in the bewildering familiarity of the rain forest, alive with the calls of colorful birds and the babbling of unusual golden monkey.
Tours to See Gorillas in Rwanda
- 1 day Gorilla Trekking in Rwanda: For this, you depart from Kigali early in the morning, do gorilla tracking and return in the afternoon.
Conservation of Mountain Gorillas in Rwanda
The Mountain Gorillas in Rwanda are managed and protected by the Rwandan Office for Tourism and National Parks (ORTPN) and one accesses their habitat from Ruhengeri town, located near the base of the park entrance. The ORTPN is under the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (MINICOM) and is in charged with the management of Rwanda¿s national parks and wildlife reserves. The Environmental Protection Service comes under the Ministry of Land Resettlement and Environment and plays a role in environmental monitoring and conservation. Ruhengeri has long been a standing spot for gorilla visits and gives eye-catching scenery of Karisimbi, Visoke, Mikeno, Sabyinyo, Gahinga and Muhabura volcanoes. Ruhengeri is a 45-minute drive away from Gisenyi and the spectacular Lake Kivu.
A gorilla tour visit can take something from a 1 to 4-hour trek through the forest, led by knowledgeable trackers who have spent their complete lives living in or close to the forest. A walk through the forest will be fascinating as one weaves through hanging vines, moss covered Hagenia trees and gigantic Lobelias that flourish in the tropical environment of the forest. You will spot golden monkeys swinging from the bamboo, or see wild buffalo, bush duiker and a wide selection of bird life.
The Virunga ecological unit is composed of 4 major vegetation zones: bamboo (base altitude), Sub-alpine (3300 – 4000 m), Hagenia and Hypericum forest (2600-3300 m) and Afro-alpine (4000 m+). A one hour opportunity is available for you to watch the gorillas as they do their daily routine, feeding, playing and relaxing, as you question your ancient existence and remember the wonder that kept Dian Fossey living in the forest for almost 18 years. Everyone should visit Rwanda before he dies. Volcanoes National Park is excellently known for Mountain Gorilla trekking as a major activity. Every year, Kwita Izina, a gorilla naming ceremony in Rwanda is held at the park to give names to newborn gorillas from various families. This event is aimed at bring local and global awareness to the plight of of the endangered primates.
Gorilla Families in Rwanda – A Closer Look at the Gentle Giants of Volcanoes National Park
Rwanda is home to some of the most iconic and accessible populations of endangered mountain gorillas on Earth. Nestled within the misty slopes of Volcanoes National Park, these majestic primates live in close-knit, highly organized groups known as gorilla families. Each family has been habituated—meaning they are accustomed to limited human presence without altering their natural behavior, making it possible for visitors to observe them up close during gorilla trekking expeditions.
Currently, 10 habituated mountain gorilla families are available for tourism in Rwanda, each with its own unique structure, personalities, and territory. Visitors are allowed to trek only one group per day, and a gorilla permit, issued by the Rwanda Development Board (RDB), is required to participate. Each group can be visited by a maximum of 8 people per day, under the guidance of trained park rangers and trackers.
Here’s a deeper dive into the main gorilla groups in Rwanda:
1. Susa A Group – The Largest and Most Famous Family
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Location: High slopes of Mount Karisimbi
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Size: Around 35 individuals (may vary)
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Notable for: Size, twins (Impano & Byishimo), historical research
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Trekking difficulty: High (long and steep hike)
Named after the Susa River, this was the original group studied by Dian Fossey. Susa A is renowned for its size and for having the only known surviving twins among mountain gorillas. Trekking this group is physically demanding due to its location deep in the forested slopes, but the experience is incredibly rewarding for those up to the challenge.
2. Karisimbi Group (Susa B)
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Location: Upper slopes of Mount Karisimbi
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Size: ~15–20 individuals
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Notable for: Breakaway group from Susa A, remote location
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Trekking difficulty: Very strenuous
This group split from Susa A and occupies even higher elevations on Mount Karisimbi, Rwanda’s highest peak. It’s best suited for seasoned hikers or those seeking a remote and off-the-beaten-path trekking experience.
3. Amahoro Group – The Peaceful Family
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Location: Slopes of Mount Visoke
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Size: Approximately 15 individuals
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Notable for: Calm temperament and dominant silverback “Ubumwe” (meaning unity)
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate
“Amahoro” means peace in Kinyarwanda, and this group truly lives up to its name. It is known for its gentle behavior and relaxed nature. Trekking to Amahoro often requires a steep climb but is considered one of the more serene and emotionally rewarding experiences.
4. Umubano Group – The Breakaway Family
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Location: Mount Visoke
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Size: About 7–13 individuals
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Notable for: Split from Amahoro, led by dominant silverback Charles
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate
“Umubano” means living together/co-existence, symbolizing the peaceful departure of this group from Amahoro. Their territory overlaps with the Amahoro group’s range, making it possible to track them under similar conditions.
5. Sabyinyo Group – The Easiest to Access
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Location: Between Mount Sabyinyo and Mount Visoke
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Size: Around 10 individuals
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Notable for: One of the easiest groups to trek, led by a huge silverback known as Guhonda
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Trekking difficulty: Easy to moderate
This group is a favorite for visitors who prefer a shorter and less strenuous trek. Guhonda, one of the largest silverbacks ever recorded, leads the family. Their range is close to the park headquarters, which makes them ideal for older travelers or those with mobility concerns.
6. Agashya Group (Group 13) – The Curious Family
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Location: Mount Sabyinyo slopes
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Size: About 21 individuals
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Notable for: Group once led by dominant silverback Nyakarima; name changed from “13” to “Agashya” meaning “news”
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate
Initially known by the number of its original members, Agashya has grown steadily. The silverback Agashya is known for his leadership skills and habit of moving the group often, which can sometimes lead to longer treks.
7. Kwitonda Group – A Transboundary Family
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Location: Slopes of Mount Sabyinyo (occasionally crosses into DRC)
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Size: Around 10–18 individuals
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Notable for: Migrated from DR Congo, long-distance trekkers
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate to difficult
Named after the late silverback Kwitonda, meaning “humble one,” this group is known for its long foraging range. Sometimes, it becomes inaccessible if the family wanders across the border into Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Note: Allocation to gorilla families is done by park authorities based on your fitness level and tracking conditions on the day of the trek.
8. Hirwa Group – The Fortunate Family
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Location: Mount Sabyinyo (occasionally migrates)
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Size: Around 12 individuals
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Notable for: Formed voluntarily from members of other groups
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate
“Hirwa” means lucky, and this group was named after its peaceful formation—members from Sabyinyo and other families came together naturally. Though it has occasionally moved across the border into DRC, it remains one of the most remarkable groups when present in Rwanda.
9. Ugenda Group – The Wanderers
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Location: Frequently on the move
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Size: ~11 individuals
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Notable for: Nomadic nature, difficult to track consistently
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Trekking difficulty: Varies
“Ugenda” means mobile or wandering, and this aptly named group tends to roam widely, making it more difficult to locate. As such, it’s not always available for trekking, depending on the time of year.
10. Bwenge Group – A Small but Resilient Family
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Location: Slopes of Mount Karisimbi
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Size: Approximately 7 individuals
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Notable for: Featured in the film “Gorillas in the Mist”
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate to strenuous
“Bwenge” means wisdom, and the group has a compelling backstory of resilience. Formed by a silverback who left his natal group, Bwenge has gradually built his own small family. The trek to reach them can be steep but is richly rewarding with panoramic views.
Trekking Gorillas in Rwanda: Key Facts
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Park: Volcanoes National Park (Parc National des Volcans)
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Permit Cost: $1,500 USD per person (Rwanda Development Board)
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Group Size: Maximum 8 tourists per group
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Minimum Age: 15 years
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Tracking Duration: 2–6 hours (depending on group location)
Important Notes:
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Gorilla group allocations are done at the park headquarters in Kinigi, typically based on the physical fitness levels and preferences of trekkers.
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Although visitors can express a preference, the final assignment depends on the rangers’ discretion.
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Some groups may migrate or become inaccessible due to ecological or security reasons, especially those near international borders.
Why Learn About Gorilla Families Before Your Trek?
Understanding the unique character and history of each gorilla family in Rwanda not only enhances your appreciation of the experience, it helps you better prepare, especially in terms of physical expectations and photographic opportunities. Some groups are ideal for those who want close, relaxed encounters, while others offer more challenging treks through higher altitudes and thicker vegetation.
Other Tourist Activities in Rwanda – Beyond Gorilla Trekking
While Rwanda is world-renowned for its mountain gorilla trekking in Volcanoes National Park, there is far more to discover in this land of a thousand hills. The region offers a variety of complementary experiences that immerse travelers in nature, culture, adventure, and conservation history. Below are some of the most exciting and rewarding activities to include in your Rwandan itinerary:
Golden Monkey Tracking – A Rare Primate Encounter
In addition to gorillas in Rwanda, Volcanoes National Park is also home to the endangered golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti), a playful and charismatic species found only in the Albertine Rift region. Golden monkey tracking offers a lighter and more active trek compared to gorilla tracking. These primates live in bamboo forests at lower elevations, making the hike easier and shorter (1–2 hours total, including tracking time).
Golden monkeys are incredibly social and lively, often leaping through the trees and foraging in large groups of up to 80 individuals. Their golden-orange fur and expressive faces make for stunning photo opportunities, and unlike gorillas, golden monkeys are almost always on the move.
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Permit cost: ~$100 USD per person
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Start time: 7:00 AM, Kinigi Park Headquarters
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Duration: 2–4 hours
Mount Karisimbi Volcano Climb – Conquer Rwanda’s Highest Peak
Mount Karisimbi is Rwanda’s tallest volcano at 4,507 meters (14,787 ft), located within Volcanoes National Park. Climbing Karisimbi is a two-day, one-night trek that rewards adventurous hikers with stunning panoramic views, volcanic landscapes, and encounters with montane flora and fauna.
The hike begins with a gradual ascent through dense rainforest, then transitions into giant lobelia and hagenia zones, before culminating at the summit the next morning. Though physically demanding, Karisimbi is not technically difficult and is suitable for hikers with good fitness levels.
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Trekking level: Strenuous
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Best for: Adventurous travelers, hikers, photographers
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Requires: Overnight camping gear (usually arranged through a tour operator)
Mount Bisoke Volcano Hike – A Day Hike to a Crater Lake
For those seeking a moderate but rewarding mountain adventure, Mount Bisoke (3,711 meters) is a perfect choice. This stratovolcano, shared between Rwanda and DR Congo, is famous for its beautiful crater lake at the summit, surrounded by mist and alpine vegetation.
The trek takes approximately 6 hours round trip and offers incredible views of the Virunga mountain range, as well as chances to spot primates and rare birds along the way. It’s an ideal add-on for visitors with limited time or those who want to stretch their legs post-trekking.
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Trekking time: 4–6 hours total
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Start time: 7:00 AM at Kinigi
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Trekking difficulty: Moderate
Twin Lakes Tour – Lake Burera & Lake Ruhondo
Located at the base of the Virunga Mountains, Lake Burera and Lake Ruhondo, commonly referred to as the Twin Lakes, offer peaceful scenery and cultural exploration. Surrounded by terraced hills, fishing villages, and small islets, these lakes are ideal for boat rides, nature photography, and birdwatching.
Visitors can enjoy a scenic canoe ride across the lakes, interact with local communities, or simply relax with a breathtaking view of the volcanoes reflecting on the water. The area is also home to several community-based tourism projects that support local livelihoods.
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Highlights: Canoeing, birdwatching, village visits, picnicking
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Duration: Half-day to full-day excursion
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Best for: Cultural immersion and relaxation
Musanze Caves & Natural Bridge – Rwanda’s Hidden Geological Wonders
Formed over 65 million years ago by volcanic activity, the Musanze Caves are a series of extensive lava tubes stretching over 2 kilometers underground. These caves, located near the town of Musanze (Ruhengeri), feature interconnected chambers, bat colonies, and fascinating rock formations.
Guided tours through the caves offer visitors a mix of geology, history, and adventure. In the past, the caves served as shelters and hideouts, including during times of conflict. Today, they offer a cool and eerie underground experience just minutes from the park.
Nearby is the natural bridge, a little-known lava formation that makes a perfect stop for photography and quiet reflection.
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Tour duration: ~1 hour
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Requires: Helmet, flashlight (provided)
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Best for: Families, geology lovers, those with extra time in Musanze
Dian Fossey Tomb Hike – A Tribute to Conservation Legacy
For travelers inspired by conservation and primate research, the Dian Fossey Tomb and Research Center offers a meaningful half-day hike to the grave of the legendary primatologist who dedicated her life to protecting mountain gorillas.
The hike takes you through Bisorero Forest, between Mounts Karisimbi and Bisoke, where you can spot rare birds, monkeys, and jungle flora. Along the way, you’ll visit the Karisoke Research Camp ruins, see Fossey’s former research equipment, and stand beside the grave of Dian and her favorite gorilla, Digit.
The experience is both moving and educational, offering a glimpse into the early challenges of gorilla conservation and the foundations of today’s eco-tourism efforts.
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Hike duration: 3–4 hours round trip
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Trekking level: Moderate
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Best for: Conservation enthusiasts, history buffs, emotional connection